電老虎網資訊：過(guo)去(qu)很多人將棄(qi)風(feng)限電(dian)(dian)歸(gui)因于(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)術問題(ti)(ti)，認為風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)存在波動性(xing)，不可(ke)控，電(dian)(dian)網靈(ling)活性(xing)不足，導致(zhi)不得(de)不棄(qi)風(feng)限電(dian)(dian)。但(dan)(dan)以(yi)目前的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)看(kan)，高達30%、40%的(de)(de)(de)棄(qi)風(feng)率(lv)歸(gui)咎于(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)術限制(zhi)是不成立的(de)(de)(de)。其根(gen)源是，在電(dian)(dian)力(li)裝機(ji)過(guo)剩，供(gong)大于(yu)(yu)求的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，先(xian)調(diao)度誰、先(xian)使用(yong)誰的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)。雖(sui)然《可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源法》規(gui)定可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源擁(yong)有(you)優先(xian)上網權，但(dan)(dan)在現(xian)有(you)電(dian)(dian)力(li)體制(zhi)下(xia)，火電(dian)(dian)因為每年有(you)政府下(xia)達的(de)(de)(de)計劃電(dian)(dian)量，形(xing)成了(le)事實上的(de)(de)(de)優先(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)權，擠(ji)占了(le)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空間(jian)。正是這些體制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)弊端，導致(zhi)了(le)棄(qi)風(feng)限電(dian)(dian)。

國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司今年第(di)一季度可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源消納(na)就很好。客觀地說，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占全國(guo)(guo)總發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)4%，即使(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全停，火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)年利用小(xiao)時數(shu)也不(bu)過增(zeng)加100多小(xiao)時。而(er)(er)過去的(de)(de)幾年中，火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均利用小(xiao)數(shu)從近(jin)6000多小(xiao)時降(jiang)到了不(bu)足4000小(xiao)時，這并不(bu)是受風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)影響(xiang)，而(er)(er)是火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機過剩引起(qi)的(de)(de)。我國(guo)(guo)火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源結構中占比70%，這極其不(bu)合理，在(zai)世(shi)界上(shang)也少見(jian)。現(xian)在(zai)已經到了調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源結構的(de)(de)時候了。火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要做好逐(zhu)漸淘汰的(de)(de)準備，但(dan)現(xian)在(zai)仍有大量(liang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組上(shang)馬，從而(er)(er)加劇了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需的(de)(de)矛盾，制約(yue)了可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)空間，違背(bei)了國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)(fa)展可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源的(de)(de)大政方針。現(xian)在(zai)，國(guo)(guo)外正在(zai)大幅度提高可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源比例(li)，今年德國(guo)(guo)即將成立(li)100%可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源組織，研(yan)究電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統實現(xian)100%可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源后產生的(de)(de)變革。發(fa)(fa)展可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源已經是全球(qiu)大勢所(suo)趨(qu)，必(bi)須打破思(si)想上(shang)和認識上(shang)的(de)(de)束縛。

從(cong)政(zheng)府的(de)角(jiao)度來說(shuo)，首先要(yao)加快(kuai)電(dian)力(li)體制改革(ge)，建立市(shi)場化的(de)機(ji)制。歐洲(zhou)之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)沒有(you)棄風(feng)(feng)限電(dian)問題(ti)，是因為有(you)電(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)等可再生能(neng)源發電(dian)，可以(yi)(yi)利用邊際(ji)成本近為零的(de)優勢，實現(xian)可再生能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)優先上網。在(zai)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場沒有(you)建立的(de)情(qing)況下，通過制定最低保障性收購(gou)小時數等政(zheng)策措(cuo)施，是進一(yi)(yi)步解決棄風(feng)(feng)限電(dian)問題(ti)的(de)有(you)效方(fang)式。然而，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地方(fang)政(zheng)府并未嚴格執行。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，要(yao)制定更(geng)加嚴格的(de)懲罰(fa)措(cuo)施，嚴格監管，提(ti)高法規的(de)約束力(li)。

可(ke)再生能源在未(wei)來(lai)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主流能源，對于風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業來(lai)說，要(yao)通(tong)過持續創新發展，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)降低度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，提高(gao)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)競爭力，讓全(quan)社會用最(zui)經濟的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，實(shi)現人類百分之(zhi)百使用可(ke)再生能源的(de)(de)(de)夢(meng)想(xiang)，這才是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)追(zhui)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)終極目(mu)標(biao)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)求(qiu)“平(ping)價(jia)(jia)上(shang)網”的(de)(de)(de)意義所在。在此需(xu)要(yao)強(qiang)調的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，目(mu)前提到風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)價(jia)(jia)上(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)問題時，很多人都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拿風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)與火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)比，他們(men)認(ren)為(wei)可(ke)再生能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)貴。其(qi)實(shi)這種比較并(bing)不(bu)(bu)公(gong)平(ping)，因(yin)為(wei)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)完全(quan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)體現。據權威機構測算，加上(shang)環(huan)境污染、健康損害等(deng)外部性(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)完全(quan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現行火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)2到3倍。實(shi)際上(shang)，“三(san)北(bei)”風資源豐富省份是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)具備成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)優勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)開發地區，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)最(zui)具備大幅下降條件。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)達30%到40%的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)比例(li)棄風限電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，致使在現有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)水平(ping)下，這些地區的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)全(quan)面虧(kui)損。

電網企業要積極履行責任和義務，完成全額保障性收購。在這方面，國家電網公司通過不斷技術創新，主動為可再生能源電力大規模并網創造條件。2017年以來，國家電網公司為減少棄風采取了一系列措施，從通道建設、調度技術、消納手段等多方面入手，不遺余力地消納風電。從今年1～4月的數據看，國家電網經營區域內共消納風電、太陽能發電等新能源電量1006億千瓦時，消納風電發電同比增長24%。累計棄風電量147億千瓦時，同比減少36億千瓦時；棄風率16.5%，同比下降7.2%。能取得這樣的成績，此外，6月17～23日，國家電網公司還通過多種措施，在青海實現了連續7天（合計168小時）內全部以可再生能源發電供應全省用電，創下世界首個電網全可再生能源運行的新紀錄！